I wish the mountains would get out of the way
The Athenians loved to sing and dance at the first opportunity. Among the most popular songs visitors could hear in the streets of Athens expressed […]
M. Karaoli St.
In this late 19th-century postcard, the area depicted is where M. Karaoli Street ends today in Xanthi. In the center of a wide-open space, paved […]
Maltese porters
Among the most common sounds in King Otto’s Athens was the cry “Malta!”. Poverty forced many islanders to emigrate to Greece, where they became porters. […]
The streets of Xanthi
Streets, an integral part of both urban and natural landscapes, bear witness to the passage of time. Buildings change, technologies evolve, people come and go, […]
Salep
Each winter morning, the streets of Athens reverberated with the calls of the salep vendors who advertised their products. The Athenians loved a cup of […]
Postcards
Postcards were a popular means of communication in the late 19th and throughout most of the 20th century. However, they still retain their artistic, historical, […]
The First Cemetery
The First Cemetery opened in 1837 but remained in relatively poor condition until the late 1850s when systematic efforts were undertaken to improve the facilities […]
Xanthi’s aqueduct
Water is a key element of the natural landscape that has influenced human behavior over time. It serves as the foundation for the creation of […]
The Roman mosaic
In 1846, a mosaic of the Roman period came to light during tree-planting work in the Royal Garden. The mosaic included birds, vases, flowers, and […]
Athens of the Othonian Period and Xanthi in the 19th Century: Two Different Cities in the Same Era – How Do We Showcase and Communicate Them?
The effort to revive the pulse and daily life of historic settlements, utilising advanced technologies such as 3D sound and augmented reality experiences, is a […]
The horses of Agia Irini
Agia Irini Square was the transport hub of the newly established capital. Countless carts were parked here, waiting to serve residents and visitors. But for […]
Kosynthos river
The history of a word highlights the protean nature of its meanings over time. The river Kosynthos weaves its own narrative, as it flows from […]
Inaugural ball
The house at 38 Piraeus Street hosted the first European dance in Athens immediately after the Ottomans left the city in 1833. It was organised […]
A postcard from Xanthi
An image of a place, a few words crammed into the margins trying to convey as much as possible, and a human story: these elements […]
Mosquitoes
Some sounds are perennially annoying. Although the climate of Athens is generally dry, the first winter of Otto’s reign was unusually wet. The river Cephissus […]
Three historical monasteries of Xanthi
Three historical monasteries are located above the city of Xanthi, forming a triangle: the Monastery of the Holy Archangels, the Monastery of the Virgin Mary […]
The first Jews
The first Jews, mostly tobacco workers, likely settled in Xanthi around 1875. Since then, a small Jewish community flourished in the city until the early […]
Anafiotika
The eastern slope of the Acropolis reverberated with the sounds of hammers and saws in the nighttime towards the end of Otto’s reign. Workers from […]
Engaging with the Public: A Workshop on the Echoes Project at the Art and Thought Space in Xanthi
The workshop, held on November 6, 2024, in the welcoming Art and Thought Space in Xanthi, offered a captivating journey through time and local history. […]
The pepper song
Queen Amalia loved gardening and made efforts to plant trees in the streets of Athens. Today’s Amalias Avenue was roughly laid out during Otto’s reign […]
Jewish Cemetery
Often places, objects, and sounds remind us of painful events. These memories underscore the need for a constant confrontation with the past in order to […]
Table wars
Apart from conversation and social contacts, the Athenian cafes served many functions. They were political party centres and places where aspiring ministers presented their programs […]
Sachnisi or Erker?
After the devastating fire of 1870 that struck Genisea, Xanthi emerged as the new administrative capital and experienced a period of significant development, further enhanced […]
Deer and roe deer
Within a few years of the start of the landscaping work, the Royal Garden had transformed an arid and barren landscape into an earthly paradise […]
Garden Theatre “Beautiful view”
At the junction of Vasilissis Sofias and Mavromichali streets stood one of the oldest cafes in Xanthi, called “Beautiful View”. It was built around 1910 […]
Queen of the palm trees
Amalia was very fond of palm trees. Dozens of trees weighing many tons arrived in Piraeus by boat and travelled to Athens by cart, which […]
Τhe communal organization of the New Hellenism during the 19th century
The historical significance of the preserved traditional settlement of Xanthi is also demonstrated by its role as evidence of a fully structured environment of communal […]
Donkeys and bearded priests
Some Bavarians opposed the demolition of the mediaeval monuments on the Acropolis. The destruction of these picturesque remains deprived the city of something irreplaceable. The […]
Reviving the Soundscape of the 19th Century | Old Xanthi and Digital Heritage
We invite you to participate in the presentation event of the project “Echoes: Reconstructing the life of traditional settlements through interactive experiences and 3d sound” […]
Xanthi in the interwar period
In the “Biographical Note in First Person” published in the Melbourne Festival programme in May 1980, Manos Hadjidakis writes: “Ι was born on 23rd October […]
Rubble
The archaeological excavations at the Acropolis began in the summer of 1834 with the removal of Byzantine, Frankish and Ottoman fortifications. However, the main problem […]
New Times, New Customs: Measuring Time in Ottoman Xanthi
In the Ottoman Empire, time was traditionally measured according to the movement of the sun, primarily serving religious purposes. Consequently, each city within the empire […]
Telling Time
Immediately after the city’s liberation, the mosque in the centre of the Parthenon became a barracks for a Bavarian company with a few cannons. Otto’s […]
Xanthi’s train station
During the period of economic prosperity in the city of Xanthi, which lasted between 1860 and 1910, the construction of the railway line connecting Thessaloniki […]
Whistling
In many homes with no musical instruments, the guests whistled to help each other dance. The more affluent Athenians tried to provide their households with […]
Scent of Tobacco
The introduction of tobacco cultivation in the Ottoman Empire dates back to the end of the 16th century. By the 17th century, the region of […]
Dance in the countryside
Not all Athenians had fun in the same way. Working-class people usually attended dances in the countryside with a particular preference for folk dances like […]
Metropoleos District, the heart of Old Xanthi
The settlement of the Old Town took on its current form after the third decade of the 19th century. By the beginning of the 20th […]
The new sounds of Athens
Athens’s rapid urban and population development inevitably affected the physical remains of the city’s classical past and introduced a new repertoire of sounds. The burble […]
From Space to Speech: Researching the Script of Old Xanthi
How can one write about a society they never belonged to, from an era they never lived in? This question is often posed to historians, […]
A public building for Xanthi
The period 1870-1900 emerges as one of the most critical epochs for Xanthi in the 19th century. During this time, the headquarters of the kaza […]
Oil lamps
Cries of pain and anger were a familiar evening sound in Otto’s Athens. The first oil lanterns were installed in 1835, but they cast a […]
A place full of history
In the late 14th century, the Ottomans occupied Byzantine Xanthia and established a new administrative center, called Yenice Karasu (modern Yenisea). After 1870, the headquarters […]
Carcasses
Apart from the people, the streets of Athens were full of animals, but fate often played cruel games. Passers-by were constantly confronted with dead crows, […]
Establishing the new center of Xanthi
The economic prosperity of Xanthi after 1860 significantly influenced its urban development. To the south of the old town, khans (Ottoman hotels) began to appear, […]
The frogs
One of the sounds many visitors to Athens missed was the water of the river Illissus, which flowed next to the Temple of Olympian Zeus. […]
Xanthi’s hospital
The necessity for a hospital in Xanthi was evident from the beginning of the 20th century and the Demogerontia (council of Greek community leaders under […]
The wolf
The Temple of Olympian Zeus area was a popular destination for those keen to take a walk, but both lonely visitors and groups of friends […]
The street named after the old aqueduct of Xanthi
The oil painting by the painter Irini Hadjisavvas depicts Hydragogiou Street, in the district of the same name which is located at the northern end […]
The nightingales
The Royal Garden grew in a barren piece of land on the city’s outskirts. The tireless efforts of Queen Amalia and her gardeners managed to […]
The Jewish community of Xanthi
The Jewish community of Xanthi, although small in number, played a crucial role in the development of the city. The first Jewish families seem to […]
The storm of the century
In 1852, a natural disaster of unnatural intensity struck Athens. The storm made all the houses creak, knocked down chimneys, shattered shutters and carried off […]
Pindarou Street, old Xanthi
The oil painting by the painter Irini Hadjisavvas depicts Pindarou Street, which leads to the eastern end of the Old Xanthi, next to the Kosynthos […]
Jewellery or flowers?
Under the cheerful sounds of the polonaise, the guests of Otto and Amalia filled the palace halls with their majestic uniforms and fancy toilets. The […]
The indestructible church
This small triconch church that watches from above the Old Town of Xanthi is the catholicon (the main church) of the monastery of the Taxiarchs. […]
The polonaise and the kalamatianos
The official dances in the palace allowed the royal couple and their guests to have a good time and escape the monotony of daily life. […]
The Dervishes’ “tekke” in Xanthi
Although the term “tekke” in the modern Greek language has a negative connotation, tekke in the Ottoman Empire functioned as gathering places for the so-called […]
Fresh sardines
The part of Ermou Street between Kapnikarea and Syntagma Square has always been the most elegant, with shops catering to the upper class of Athenians. […]
The mosque with the plane tree
The Çınar mosque is located in the Asa district, in the south-eastern part of the city of Xanthi. It took its name from the large […]
New Year’s Eve
New Year’s Eve was the occasion for a prolonged revelry. The Athenians locked their houses and gathered on Ermou Street to spend the whole day […]
Porto Lagos the port of Xanthi
Porto Lagos is the northernmost port on Greek territory and serves as the port of Xanthi. It is located at the exit of Vistonida lake […]
Assassination attempt
The church of the Gorgoepikoos was built in the 12th century. It became a library in the early years of Otto’s reign. In 1861, there […]
Another view of Hydragogiou Street
The oil painting by Xanthi’s painter Christos Pavlidis (Antalya Asia Minor 1913 – Xanthi 1998) depicts Hydragogiou street in the old town, with its characteristic […]
Infants for sale
One of the most heartbreaking sounds that passers-by heard in Otto’s Athens was the faint cries of infants in the arms of ragged women begging […]
Oil painting depicting Hydragogiou Street
The oil painting by Xanthi’s painter Kryonas Sergenlidis (Komotini 1947 – Xanthi 2020) depicts a typical folk house on Hydragogiou Street of the old town, […]
Piraeus Street
Piraeus Street was broad and beautiful but could quickly become a nightmare. An inexperienced driver could panic and lose control of the cart, threatening to […]
The oldest church of Xanthi
The oil painting by Xanthi’s painter Christos Pavlidis (Antalya, Asia Minor 1913 – Xanthi 1998) depicts the Christian church of the Taxiarchs in the old […]
Turkish delight
In a country without roads, visitors usually arrived by sea. The route from Piraeus to Athens was one of the first to be built in […]
The lost mosque
The Yeri Pazar Meydan mosque was located in the central square of Xanthi, and the famous clock tower was a part of it. Around the […]
The sounds of Mount Lycabettus
Mount Lycabettus was a perennial favourite landmark of Athens. The pointed peak with the small church of Agios Georgios that crowns it offers spectacular views […]
The tobacco crisis hits Xanthi
“After the Balkan wars, since the Xanthi tobacco merchants were weakened, foreign tobacco industries dominated. However, several local firms remained in the foreground, dealing with […]
Independence Day
The celebration of Independence Day on March 25 was first established in 1838. The official Thanksgiving took place in Agia Irini in the presence of […]
Athenians at the “Elysia” cinema-theater
Although a provincial town, Xanthi was, since the end of the 19th century, a regular stop for the touring Athenian and European troupes, often serving […]
The beating heart of commercial Athens
The intersection of the main streets of Aiolou and Ermou was the centre of the city’s commercial and social life. It was home to various […]
Saint George of old Xanthi
The oil painting by Xanthi’s painter Christos Pavlidis (Antalya, Asia Minor 1913 – Xanthi 1998) depicts the Christian church of Saint George in the homonymous […]
The old fighters
Many veteran fighters of the Greek Revolution retired to Athens to enjoy the final years of their lives. The Coffee House of the Fighters in […]
The bazaar of Xanthi depicted in watercolor
The watercolor by Dimitris Stathopoulos depicts a view from the area of the famous bazaar of Xanthi. In the center of the painting is the […]
The hawk and the crows
Apart from the happy voices of the visitors, the Acropolis also reverberated with the loud raspy signature calls of the crows, which nested among the […]
The temple of the Akathist Hymn in an oil painting
The oil painting by Christos Pavlidis, painted in 1949, depicts a Christian church in the old town of Xanthi, which is dedicated to the Akathist […]
Cicadas
The city fell quiet in the afternoon as the heat forced the Athenians to search for coolness and shade inside. Only the cicadas’ mating call […]
The “lost” castle
Nowadays, the city of Xanthi is characterized by its peri-urban forest, which however did not exist at the beginning of the 20th century. The photo […]
Dancing in Thiseio
The Arvanites of Athens used to celebrate with open-air dances near the temple of Theseus. On Easter Tuesday, 1836, two thousand people gathered there. They […]
Kosynthos River
Kosynthos or otherwise “Xiropotamos” (Dry-river or Kuru çay in Turkish) is the large, torrential river of Xanthi, which creates a natural barrier in the Old […]
The foreigner of 1854
To prevent the participation of Greece in the Crimean War, the British and the French occupied Piraeus. Initially, the allied officers enjoyed pleasant evenings dining […]
“Kireciler” cigarettes from Xanthi
The success of Xanthi as a tobacco-producing region was due, in addition to the intense activity of tobacco merchants, to the fact that the so-called […]
Women at the fountain
Athens suffered from a terrible lack of water. Interruptions in water supply from ancient aqueducts were frequent, while the water became very scarce during prolonged […]
Achrian district
At the first level of the photo, a cobbled street of the old town of Xanthi is visible and a child, a little girl, is […]
Camels in Athens
One of the most unusual sounds in Athens during the first years of Otto’s reign was the grunt of countless camels that walked the city’s […]
A dirt road in the center of the town
The photo presents the intersection of G. Stavros and Konitsis streets in the old town of Xanthi. In the foreground you can see the dirt […]
Greek shoemaker
The Athenians considered the street both a living room and a bedroom. Most of their lives took place outside the house. Men spent all day […]
The hostage taking of Xanthians
In August 1913, Xanthi was in the middle of the 1st Bulgarian Occupation, after the Balkan wars. This period was particularly difficult for the inhabitants […]
Royal Stables
The Royal Stables were built in 1835 and provided facilities for King Otto’s horses and carriages. The complex was located across the street from the […]
Panoramic shot of old Xanthi
Typical photo of the Old Town settlement, with buildings of traditional and eclectic architecture “mingling” in labyrinthine alleys. No other better description of this peculiar […]
Recreating the Voices of the 19th Century: A Journey Through Time and Sound
From the Athens of Otto to the Athens of Miltos Karellis Everything began with the initial evaluation of the project’s scenarios. One of the main […]
The Kontostavlos residence
The Kontostavlos residence (it occupied the site of today’s Old Parliament) was among the largest and most comfortable houses in Athens. It served as the […]
Rabbeats Creation of Sound Environment
The stage of preparation of the production process Rabbeats, with its vision of creating unique experiences, is at a particularly important stage in the project’s […]
Greetings from Xanthi
“I hope that I am leaving soon” a sender mentions on a postcard, picturing the Tabakhane (tannery) district of Xanthi, on June 7, 1910. In […]
Tracing the past in a photograph
The search for photographic evidence of Old Xanthi is an adventure in space and time. Each photograph is like an open window into the past, […]
The turkey
The banks of the river Ilissos were a small green oasis in the arid and dusty Attic landscape. The river was little more than a […]
A few words about “ECHOES”
How can we capture everyday life in Athens during King Otto’s reign and in Xanthi in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries? The Echoes research project […]
The tobacco of Xanthi
During the summer months, every open space in the old town of Xanthi was filled with frames and “hangers” with rows of tobacco leaves, drying […]
Royal Babel
Otto’s Athens was an international society, which became evident during the royal dances, attended by representatives from almost every nation imaginable. Some guests spent the […]
Τhe Telegram of Eleftherios Venizelos for the transfer of Achilleas Kaleuras at Xanthi
Almost a month after the liberation of the city on 4 October 1919, Eleftherios Venizelos asked for the immediate transfer of Achilleas Kaleuras, prefect of […]
3 September 1843 Revolution
The 3 September 1843 Revolution was the most decisive event of Otto’s reign. The earliest eyewitness accounts claimed that the people gathered in front of […]
Kapnomagazon Street
The present-day Michail Karaoli Street in Xanthi, Kapnomagazon Street as mentioned in the caption. Today, few examples of tobacco warehouse buildings, also known as tobacco […]
Demolition permit
The construction of the Metropolis began in 1842. Unfortunately, there was not enough money to proceed with the project, so the government decided to demolish […]
Konstantinoupoleos Street
Horse-drawn carriages, cars, pedestrians, shops, trees can be seen on Konstantinoupoleos Street, now known as Karaoli Street, in Xanthi. The photo is dated in the […]
The Olive Grove
The Elaionas was a vast forest of olive trees (about 150,000 olive trees) on the banks of the river Cephissus. Unfortunately, thousands of olive trees […]
Xanthi, a refugee town of the Interwar period
The arrival of refugees during the period 1922-1923 transformed the city’s landscape, since a number of new settlements were created alongside the existing ones. The […]
The bog
The traveller who took Piraeus Street came in contact with an Athens substantially different from the one we know today. Most carts and carriages were […]
The taxi stand with the horse-drawn carriages at the central square of Xanthi
During the interwar period in Xanthi’s central square there was a cabstand with the vehicles employed by the locals. At that time, alongside the dominant […]
Lucia di Lammermoor
The Boukouras Theatre was the only winter theatre in Athens for many decades. It was inaugurated with Donizetti’s “Lucia di Lammermoor” in January 1840. The […]
The ninth division at Xanthi
The second Bulgarian occupation of Xanthi ended on October 4, 1919, when the 9th Division οf the Greek Army entered the city under the command […]
Foundation ceremony
Otto’s new palace (present-day Parliament Building) was founded on January 25, 1834. Architect Friedrich von Gärtner offered the king the palace plans wrapped in foil […]
The Achrian Temenos of Xanthi
Hidden among the narrow alleys, the Achrian Mosque was founded in the 16th century in the neighborhood of the same name within the Old Town […]
Otto’s cannons
Loudovikou Square (today’s Kotzia Square) hosted almost all of the kingdom’s artillery. According to French journalist Edmond About, there was a hangar to shelter the […]
Workers making bundles of tobacco in a tobacco warehouse in Xanthi
Photograph of a tobacco warehouse in Xanthi at the beginning of the last century, with people of diverse age groups and economic backgrounds. In the […]
Hans Christian Andersen attends the theatre
Hans Christian Andersen visited the theatre in Athens but was not particularly interested in operas. An Italian company presented a medley of Italian operas (including […]
Konstaninoupoleos Street – The street with the tobacco stores and the khans
Towards the end of the 19th century Xanthi began to expand beyond the boundaries of its traditional settlement. The growth led to the development of […]
Civil conflict
Loudovikou Square (today’s Kotzia Square) was named in honour of King Otto’s father. The square was created because the presence of streams made it impossible […]
The Entry of King Otto of Greece in Athens
King Otto arrived in Athens on December 1st, 1834. The local notable I. Vlachos offered him salt and bread, and then the new king attended […]
The area before the bazaar of Xanthi
In the present day, this area in Xanthi is known for hosting the city’s renowned and bustling Saturday open air bazaar. However, before 1919, the […]
A different view of the bazaar
The area that now constitutes the central square of Xanthi was a vibrant hub where itinerant merchants would peddle their wares, horse-drawn carriages would pass […]
King Otto at the theatre
Otto loved the theatre and attended performances as often as he could. Choices, of course, were not always first-rate. The theatre usually hosted little-known lyrical […]
The central square’s Khan
The tobacco trade and the economic boom of Xanthi significantly increased the visitors that came to the city. For this reason numerous inns were built in […]
The perfect present for mom and dad
The first guards of the Acropolis were hired in 1834. Until then, the monument was exposed to all kinds of looting. Each time an English […]
The twin kiosks
It seems as though the “tower-shaped” kiosks of the central square, built according to European standards, were a meeting point for taxi drivers lounging in […]
Smoking hookah
In public, the Athenians usually smoked cigarettes without hesitation about where they would light them. Foreigners usually could afford to buy cigars imported from Malta […]
Outdoor café
The central square of Xanthi, full of rows of outdoor café tables and seats. In the center of the photograph, there is the building of […]
Koutsavakides
The koutsavakides were a typical feature of the Athenian underworld, easily recognisable by their appearance: greasy and unkempt hair, a black jacket with only one […]
Encampment of Greek troops
Encampment of Greek troops in the western outskirts of the city of Xanthi, during the period of the Balkan wars. The soldiers in the photo […]
The green tree
The Green Tree (Zum Grüner Baum) brought a touch of Bavaria to Athens. It was located at the intersection of Hiera Odos and Megalou Alexandrou […]
The clock tower of Xanthi
Close-up of Xanthi’s central square clock tower, in its original form, possibly taken from the minaret of the mosque that stood in the square. The […]
Τhe Coffee House of Europe
The Coffee House of Europe on Aiolou Street (opposite the church of Agia Irini) was the most elegant in Athens. In contrast to the Turkish […]
The Mega Kin Cinema
The Mitropoleos district was traditionally the area where people from the city’s bourgeoisie class lived. At the end of the 19th – beginning of the […]
Pausilipum. Τhe German-speaking residents and visitors in Athens
There was a Turkish vineyard on Patission Street, where the Athens Polytechnic now stands. A Bavarian couple bought it with financial assistance from a Swiss […]
Matsinios School
In the second half of the 19th century, Xanthi had begun to evolve into a thriving urban center of the region. The reorganization of the […]
Indomitable Amazon
Amalia’s great passion was horseback riding. Dressed like an Amazon in a costume that even the most elegant Parisians would envy, the queen left the […]
Kosynthos bridge
Epiphany celebration on the bridge of the river of Xanthi, Kosynthos. The photo dates from before 1912, when the wooden bridge collapsed in the floods […]
The goats of Athens
The population of Athens increased tenfold during the reign of Otto (from 4,000 to over 40,000 inhabitants), but the city remained small compared to other […]
Τhe Girls’ School in Xanthi
In the photo, the building of the Girls’ School of the Greek community of Xanthi, which was built in 1863 and was located in Mitropoleos […]
The fountain
The fountain at Dimopratiriou Square at Monastiraki was built in 1852 to beautify the square and provide water in an emergency. In addition, the site […]
A postcard from the Balkan Wars era
Postcard written in Xanthi on 25/7/1915. You can see the current Michail Karaoli Street, which led from the central square to the tobacco warehouses area […]
A Greek boy writing
In 1835, there were two primary schools in Athens with about eighty students. But the teaching conditions were almost inhumane. According to a journalist of […]
The tobacco warehouses
“In the middle of the 19th century… Xanthi rapidly developed into an international center for the processing and trading of its famous, for its quality, […]
Koulas
The soft breeze blowing through the columns of the Parthenon at sunset helped visitors forget the echo of the horrifying cries that once emanated from […]
The “seaside” of Xanthi
Although the city of Xanthi is built about 30 km to the north of the Thracian sea, it has a… ‘paralia’ (seaside in Greek)! The […]
Greek soldier
The coffee shops of Athens were full of idle armed men. Wrapped in smoke and the sound of conversations by the other patrons, these men […]
The Metropolitan Mansion of Xanthi
Metropolitan Mansion (Metropolis Square). An “imposing building bult in 1896 in a neoclassical style with neo-renaissance decorative elements. It was built by the Bishop Joachim […]
An Athenian wearing fustanella
The rustling of the fustanella and the sound of tsarouchia in the cobbled alleys of Plaka became rarer as the Athenians replaced the traditional costumes […]
Xanthi. A view of the city centre
Georgiou Stavrou Street is in the foreground. The photo was most likely taken from the National Bank branch building, which is where the -now pedestrian […]
The Church of Panagia Kapnikarea
Byzantine chants and market noises melded in the church of Panagia Kapnikarea on Ermou Street. King Ludwig I of Bavaria intervened to save the church […]
Telegram of the Bishop of Xanthi
After the assassination of King George the 1st in Thessaloniki on March 18th, a #telegram, the absolute device of transmitting information through the transfer of […]
The market
Many parts of modern Athens were unrecognisable during the years of Otto. The tranquillity of the Roman Agora would seem utterly foreign to the Athenians […]
Turkish coffee-house, Balkan Wars
“The clock tower in the central square of the city was built in contact with the -now demolished- central mosque of the settlement, highlighting its […]
The old plane tree
The madrasa (Muslim religious school) was founded in 1721 and suffered significant damage during the Greek War of Independence. During the reign of King Otto, […]
The street market square
The street market square, in the beginning of the 20th century, with a hexagonal fountain and the clock tower behind the tree. This location is […]
The sound of Otto’s Athens
The sound of the hammer beating against the stones characterises the Athens of King Otto’s reign as architects and folk builders worked day and night […]
